H.E. Garba Seyni, Niger’s ambassador to China (DONATIEN NIYONZIMA)

Over the past 50 years, Niger and China have maintained a robust and dynamic diplomatic relationship that reflects a shared vision of development and mutual benefit. This golden jubilee is a milestone in international cooperation and demonstrates how strategic partnerships can significantly advance national interests and regional stability.   

The bilateral relationship between Niger and China began in 1974, at a time when both nations were exploring new horizons in their foreign policy. Over the decades, this relationship has expanded into numerous areas, including political, economic, cultural and technical cooperation. “Niger and China have built a relationship based on mutual respect and common aspirations, which has been vital to the growth and stability of both nations,” H.E. Garba Seyni, Niger’s ambassador to China, told ChinAfrica. 

Political cooperation is a cornerstone of Niger-China relations. High-level visits, such as the recent trip by Niger’s Minister of Defence in June 2024, facilitate political dialogue between the two countries. These visits are not only ceremonial, but serve to discuss strategic interests and promote closer relations. The visa waiver for diplomatic and service passport holders is an acknowledgement of the trust and ease of interaction between Niger and China, enhancing diplomatic relations and allowing for smoother communication. 

Seyni emphasised that “Niger considers China an important ally in its quest for peace and development,” a sentiment confirmed by numerous bilateral agreements to strengthen political cooperation. These robust political relations have paved the way for significant economic and cultural exchanges that have further strengthened the bond between the two nations. 

Economic cooperation between Niger and China has changed dramatically. Chinese investment has played a crucial role in the development of infrastructure in Niger. The construction of a 35,000-seat stadium, major bridges and the largest hospital in Niger are just a few examples of how Chinese expertise and funding have contributed to the country’s development. 

One of the most important projects is the development of the Agadem oilfield by the China National Petroleum Corp. (CNPC). This project has enabled Niger to become an oil producer, which has significantly boosted the country’s economy. The 2,000-km pipeline connecting Niger’s oilfields to the port of Benin is an example of the scale and ambition of Chinese investment in Niger’s energy sector. 

Seyni noted that “Chinese investment has been instrumental in making Niger a major player in the oil industry.” This economic partnership is not limited to the oil industry, but also extends to the uranium and cement industries, demonstrating the diversity of Chinese investment in Niger. 

Multi-sectoral cooperation 

The signing of a memorandum of understanding under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2019 marked a new phase of bilateral cooperation. This initiative is in line with Niger’s development strategy and focuses on key sectors such as transportation, energy and trade, revealed Seyni. The BRI has opened new avenues for infrastructure development and further strengthened economic ties between the two countries. 

On the multilateral front, Niger and China have cooperated in various international frameworks. The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) is an important platform where both countries can articulate their priorities and strategies. Through FOCAC, Niger and China have addressed important issues such as energy security and terrorism, highlighting the importance of multilateral cooperation in addressing common challenges. The multilateral cooperation also extends to initiatives within the United Nations and other international bodies in which both nations work together to promote peace, stability and development. 

A view of the General Seyni Kountché Bridge built with Chinese assistance in Niger on 10 February 2021 (XINHUA) 

Economic and cultural cooperation  

Trade between Niger and China has grown significantly over the years. In the first four months of 2024 alone, bilateral trade reached $430.63 million, an increase of 25.8 percent year on year. This growth in trade underscores the dynamism of economic exchange between the two countries. 

Niger’s main exports to China include oil and agricultural products such as sesame, while imports from China consist of machinery, electronics and textiles. These trade relations are beneficial for both sides as they provide Niger with essential goods and China with important raw materials. Seyni highlighted that “the growing volume of trade between Niger and China is a testament to the strong economic ties that have been built over the years.”  

Cooperation in the energy sector is another highlight of the Niger-China relationship. The CNPC-led Agadem oilfield project has not only boosted Niger’s economy but also significantly improved the country’s energy sector. The ongoing construction of the Niger-Benin pipeline will further increase Niger’s export capacity and make the country a major player in the regional energy market. 

In the agricultural sector, Chinese know-how has made a decisive contribution to combating desertification and improving agricultural productivity in Niger. Following successful initiatives in Xinjiang in west China, Chinese agricultural techniques and technologies are being adapted to the unique environmental conditions of Niger. Seyni said, “Chinese agricultural projects in Niger have helped to improve the food security and livelihoods of many Nigeriens.” These initiatives have not only increased agricultural productivity, but also transferred valuable skills and knowledge to local farmers. 

Cultural and educational exchanges are an integral part of the bilateral relationship between Niger and China. China has awarded numerous scholarships to Nigerien students to study at Chinese universities. These educational exchanges promote mutual understanding and create strong people-to-people ties. 

The proposed establishment of a Confucius Institute in Niger is proof of the commitment to cultural exchange and education. This institute will not only promote Chinese language and culture, but also allow for a deepening of cultural ties between the two nations. Seyni said, “Educational and cultural exchange is the foundation of our long-term relations, and it promotes mutual respect and understanding.” 

The 50-year relationship between Niger and China is a remarkable example of how international partnerships can drive development and promote mutual benefits. From political and diplomatic cooperation to economic and cultural exchanges, the relationship between these two nations is solid and diverse. As Niger continues to capitalise on Chinese expertise and investment, the future looks bright for both countries. 

The golden jubilee of diplomatic relations between Niger and China not only commemorates the achievements of the past, but also sets the course for future cooperation. This milestone is a reminder of the potential of international partnerships to transform societies and drive progress. Both nations can look forward to a future of continued cooperation characterised by common goals and mutual respect. 

Seyni stated, “Our relationship with China has been a journey of growth and mutual benefit. Looking to the future, we are confident that this partnership will continue to flourish and bring prosperity to our nations and promote global solidarity.”